Fenton-like reaction, glutathione reduction, and photothermal ablation-built-in hydrogels crosslinked by cupric sulfate for loco-regional cancer therapy

On: By: Brent
Fenton-like reaction-associated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and hyperthermia-inducing photothermal therapy (PTT)-combined crosslinked hydrogel systems were developed for loco-regional cancer therapy. Cupric sulfate (Cu) has been employed to crosslink the catechol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HC) polymer-based gel via metal-catechol coordination and covalent bonding of the catechol group (by pH adjustment). Cu can also be used as a hydroxyl radical-generating agent with endogenous H2O2 in cancer cells mediated by Fenton-like reaction and it can reduce intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels leading to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging.
These two strategies can amplify the ROS-initiated CDT efficiency for combating cancer. The Cu-incorporated crosslinked hydrogel structure with pH modulation was appropriate for injectable gel formation via a single syringe. The incorporation of indocyanine green (ICG) into the hydrogel network and near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation provided a temperature elevation sufficient for induction of hyperthermia in cancer therapy. It is expected that the designed HC/Cu/ICG hydrogel can be used safely and efficiently for local CDT and PTT of breast cancer.

The Role of Plasmapheresis in Treating Lethal Cupric Sulfate Poisoning.

The mortality rate of cupric sulfate is relatively high in contrast to that of other heavy metals. Cases of orally ingested cupric sulfate poisoning are very rare, with a reported half lethal dose of 10 g. Cupric sulfate poisoning leads to gastrointestinal corrosion, intravascular hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia and acute renal and hepatic impairment. Without proper and prompt treatment, multiple organ failure and death occur. Here, we present the first report that removal of the excessive intravascular copper ions by plasmapheresis was accompanied by complete recovery.

Preparation of cupric sulfate-based self-emulsifiable nanocomposites and their application to the photothermal therapy of colon adenocarcinoma.

Nanocomposites (NCs) of cupric sulfate monohydrate (CuSO4) were fabricated by hot-melt extrusion (HME) system equipped with twin screws. Micron-sized bulk powder of CuSO4 was dispersed in the mixture of surfactants (Span 80 and Tween 80) and hydrophilic polymer (polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000) by HME process. Reduction of surface tension by surfactants and homogeneous dispersion in hydrophilic polymer along with HME technique were introduced to prepare CuSO4 NCs.
Dispersion of CuSO4 NCs exhibited approximately 204 nm hydrodynamic size, unimodal size distribution, and positive zeta potential values. Encapsulation of CuSO4 in CuSO4 NCs and the physicochemical interactions between CuSO4 and pharmaceutical excipients were investigated by solid-state studies. Of note, CuSO4 NCs group exhibited higher antiproliferation efficacies, compared with bulk CuSO4, in Caco-2 (human adenocarcinoma) cells at 75 and 100 μg/mL CuSO4 concentrations (p < 0.05). Also, near-infrared laser irradiation to CuSO4 NCs group elevated the antiproliferation efficacies, compared with non-irradiation group, in Caco-2 cells. After intravenous injection in mice, CuSO4 NCs did not show severe in vivo toxicities. Developed CuSO4 NCs can be one of promising candidates of photothermal therapeutic agents for colon cancers.

Ultralow Sample Volume Cupric Sulfate Oxidation Method for the Analysis of Dissolved Lignin.

A novel cupric sulfate (CuSO4) oxidation method was developed to enable the analysis of dissolved lignin phenols in small volumes of open ocean seawater (<200 mL for deep ocean) or river water (<17 mL) samples. Dissolved lignin phenols were isolated by automated reversed-phase (octadecyl) extraction from seawater before oxidation, whereas for freshwater samples, oxidation was performed without prior extraction. Optimized reaction conditions using alkaline CuSO4 at 150 °C effectively limited losses of lignin phenols and suppressed side reactions at 5-100 μg of sample organic carbon.
The method yielded up to ∼33% higher lignin phenol concentrations and 24-36% lower acid/aldehyde ratios of lignin phenols than existing CuO oxidation methods. The microscale design (200 μL reaction volume) resulted in extremely low blanks allowing accurate and precise quantification of lignin phenols. A comparison of silica-based octadecyl-bonded sorbents (C18) with copolymer-type sorbents (PPL) indicated that sorbent type affected concentrations and diagnostic ratios of dissolved lignin phenols. For robust intercomparability of measured lignin phenol concentrations and in consideration of method detection limits for quantification, a constant sample organic carbon content of ∼30 μg C and the addition of 150 μg ascorbic acid-C are recommended. Small sample volumes avoid time-consuming extraction steps in the field, and the simplified oxidation and sample processing procedures make the new method ideal for high-throughput analysis of dissolved lignin phenols in marine and freshwater environments.

Dioxins contamination in the feed additive (feed grade cupric sulfate) tied to chlorine industry.

The sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) found in animal feed additive (feed grade cupric sulfate, CuSO4) were investigated and traced back to the formation of chlorinated organic compounds in the chlor-alkali industry. PCDD/Fs could be transported through the supply chain: hydrochloric acid (HCl) by-produced during formation of chlorinated organic compounds in chlor-alkali industry → spent acid etching solution (acid-SES) generated in printed circuit board production → industrial cupric salt → CuSO4 in animal feed, and finally enter the food chain.
The concentration ranges in HCl and acid-SES were similar, of which the level in acid-SES was also consistent with that in various cupric salt products including CuSO4 based on Cu element content. PCDD/Fs also showed very similar congener profiles in all the sample types. This indicates a probable direct transport pathway of PCDD/Fs into the food chain, which may eventually be exposed to humans through consumption. To date this is the first study in China that systematically reports on the PCDD/Fs transport from industrial pollution sources to industrial processes and finally enters the human food chain.

Synergistic antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and cupric sulfate against Penicillium digitatum.

Oxidizing compounds such as sodium hypochlorite (NaCIO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are widely used in food sanitization because of their antimicrobial effects. We applied these compounds and metals to analyze their antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mold. The MICs were 300 ppm for NaClO and 300 mM for H2O2 when these compounds were individually applied for 2 min to conidia suspensions. To minimize the concentration of these compounds, we developed and standardized a sequential treatment for conidia that resulted in loss of viability on growth plates and loss of infectivity on lemons.
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The in vitro treatment consists of preincubation with 10 ppm of NaClO followed by incubation with 100 mM H2O2 and 6 mM CuSO4 (cupric sulfate). The combination of NaClO and H2O2 in the presence of CuSO4 produces a synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.36). The sequential treatment applied in situ on lemon peel 24 h after the fruit was inoculated with conidia produced a significant delay in the fungal infection. The in vitro treatment was effective on both imazalil-sensitive and imazalil-resistant strains of P. digitatum and Geotrichum candidum, the causal agent of citrus sour rot. However, this treatment inhibited 90% of mycelial growth for Penicillium italicum (citrus blue mold). These results indicate that sequential treatment may be useful for postharvest control of citrus fruit diseases.

Polyhydroxylated Cyclopentane β-Amino Acids Derived from d-Mannose and d-Galactose: Synthesis and Protocol for Incorporation into Peptides

On: By: Brent
A stereoselective synthesis of polyhydroxylated cyclopentane β-amino acids from hexoses is reported. The reaction sequence comprises, as key steps, ring-closing metathesis of a polysubstituted diene intermediate followed by the stereoselective aza-Michael functionalization of the resulting cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid ester. Examples of synthesis of polysubstituted 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid derivatives starting from protected d-mannose and d-galactose are presented. A general protocol for the incorporation of these highly functionalized alicyclic β-amino acids into peptides is also reported.

Characterization of the low energy conformations and differential reactivities of D-glucose and D–mannose based oxepines

Carbohydrate-based oxepines are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of septanose carbohydrates. Here we report the characterization of the preferred conformations of D-glucose and D-mannose based oxepines 1 and 2 using computational chemistry and NMR spectroscopy. Monte Carlo conformational searches on 1 and 2 were performed, followed by DFT optimization and single-point energy calculations on the low energy conformations of each oxepine. Coupling constants were computed for all unique conformations at a B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)u+1s level of theory and weighted based on a Boltzmann distribution. These values were then compared to the experimental values collected using 3JH,H values collected from 1H NMR spectra. Information from the MC/DFT approach was then used in a least squares method that correlated DFT calculated and observed 3JH, H coupling constants.
The conformations of 1 and 2 are largely governed by a combination of the rigidifying enol ether element in combination with the reduction of unfavorable interactions. The vinylogous anomeric effect (VAE) emerged as a consequence, rather than a driver of conformations. Oxepine 1 showed greater reactivity in Ferrier rearrangement reactions relative to oxepine 2, in line with its greater %VAE.

ral D–mannose treatment suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via induction of regulatory T cells

D-mannose (D-m) is a glucose epimer found in natural products, especially fruits. In mouse models of diabetes and airway inflammation, D-m supplementation via drinking water attenuated pathology by modifying cellular energy metabolism, leading to the activation of latent transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which in turn induced T regulatory cells (Tregs). Given that Tregs are important in controlling neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and likely in multiple sclerosis (MS), we hypothesized that D-m could also suppress EAE.
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We found that D-m delayed disease onset and reduced disease severity in two models of EAE. Importantly, D-m treatment prevented relapses in a relapsing-remitting model of EAE, which mimics the most common clinical manifestation of MS. EAE suppression was accompanied by increased frequency of CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs in the central nervous system, suggesting that EAE suppression resulted from Treg cell induction by D-m. These findings suggest that D-m has the potential to be a safe and low-cost complementary therapy for MS.

Comparison of Rat Primary Midbrain Neurons Cultured in DMEM/F12 and Neurobasal Mediums

On: By: Brent
Introduction: Midbrain dopaminergic neurons are involved in various brain functions, including motor behavior, reinforcement, motivation, learning, and cognition. Primary dopaminergic neurons and also several lines of these cells are extensively used in cell culture studies. Primary dopaminergic neurons prepared from rodents have been cultured in both DMEM/F12 and neurobasal mediums in several studies. However, there is no document reporting the comparison of these two mediums. So in this study, we evaluated the neurons and astroglial cells in primary midbrain neurons from rat embryos cultured in DMEM/F12 and neurobasal mediums.
Methods: Primary mesencephalon cells were prepared from the E14.5 rat embryo. Then they were seeded in two different mediums (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 [DMEM/F12] and neurobasal). On day 3 and day 5, half of the medium was replaced with a fresh medium. On day 7, β3-tubulin-, GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)- and Tyrosine Hydroxylase TH-positive cells were characterized as neurons, astrocytes, and dopaminergic neurons, respectively, using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the morphology of the cells in both mediums was observed under light microscopy on days 1, 3, and 5.
Results: The cells cultured in both mediums were similar under light microscopy regarding the cell number, but in a neurobasal medium, the cells have aggregated and formed clustering structures. Although GFAP-immunoreactive cells were lower in neurobasal compared to DMEM/F12, the number of β3-tubulin- and TH-positive cells in both cultures was the same.
Conclusion: This study’s findings demonstrated that primary midbrain cells from the E14.5 rat embryo could grow in both DMEM/F12 and neurobasal mediums. Therefore, considering the high price of a neurobasal medium, it can be replaced with DMEM/F12 for culturing primary dopaminergic neurons.
Keywords: B27-supplemented neurobasal; DMEM/F12 medium; Dopaminergic neurons; Rat mesencephalon cell culture.

KAv-1 is Better Suited to Chick Fibroblast Culture than DMEM or 199 Media

2021
Cultured cells are a useful resource for poultry scientists, since these cells allow scientists to evaluate biological responses to conditions such as infectious diseases in vitro while mimicking the whole-body response in birds. However avian cell culture requires an optimized basal medium, and there are currently relatively few options for this basal medium (medium 199 and KAv-1).
This means that there is still room for the development of an optimal basal medium for avian cell culture. Here we compare KAv-1 medium, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) and medium 199 during the culture of chick fibroblasts and determine that KAv-1 remains the optimal medium for these assays.
Our results show that DNA damage is reduced in fibroblasts cultured in the KAv-1 medium, when compared to both DMEM and Medium 199 and that these cells also display improved growth dynamics in KAv-1 medium when compared to both DMEM and medium 199. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe a comparative analysis of culture media for avian cells, which would provide useful information for poultry scientists.
Keywords: DNA damage; cell culture; cell growth; cellular senescence; chick fibroblasts; growth medium.

Injectable DMEM-induced phenylboronic acid-modified hyaluronic acid self-crosslinking hydrogel for potential applications in tissue repair

Most of traditional injectable hydrogels based on light curing or enzyme crosslinking are difficult to control the crosslinking time accurately and lack tissue adhesion, which leads to difficult clinical application and poor tissue repair effect.
In this study, a novel injectable DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium)-induced phenylboronic acid-modified hyaluronic acid self-crosslinking hydrogel was designed and prepared by combining the phenylboronic acid and a diol on hyaluronic acid as the main network, in which dynamically reversible phenylboronic acid esters imparted good self-healing properties and tissue adhesion properties to the hydrogels.
Cell medium that induced the formation of the hydrogel could simulate the pH of the physiological environment and provide uniform nutrients for the encapsulated cells. In addition, in vitro cell experiments indicated that the DMEM-induced phenylboronic acid-modified hyaluronic acid self-crosslinking hydrogel was capable of supporting cell loading and proliferation, thus being a promising candidate for tissue repair materials.

Type of culture medium determines properties of cultivated retinal endothelial cells: induction of substantial phenotypic conversion by standard DMEM

Contradictory behavior of microvascular retinal endothelial cells (REC) – a reliable in vitro model to study retinal diseases – have recently been reported which might result from cultivating the cells in standard DMEM not optimized for this cell type. Therefore, we studied DMEM’s effects on phenotype and behavior of immortalized bovine REC. Cells were cultivated in endothelial cell growth medium (ECGM) until a confluent monolayer was reached and then further kept for 1-4 days in ECGM, DMEM, or mixes thereof all supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, endothelial cell growth supplement, 90 μg/ml heparin, and 100 nM hydrocortisone.
Within hours of cultivation in DMEM, the cell index – measured to assess the cell layer’s barrier function – dropped to ~5% of the initial value and only slowly recovered, not only accompanied by stronger expression of HSP70 mRNA and secretion of interleukin-6, but also by lower expressions of tight junction proteins claudin-5, claudin-1 or of the marker of cell type conversion caveolin-1.
Altered subcellular localizations of EC-typic claudin-5, vascular endothelial cadherin and von Willebrand factor were also observed. Taken together, all experiments with (retinal) EC cultivated in common DMEM need to be interpreted very cautiously and should at least include phenotypic validation.
Keywords: Barrier dysfunction; Cell culture medium; Cell index measurements; Cell type conversion; DMEM; ECGM-MV; Endothelial cells; Paracellular flow; Phenotype; Retinal endothelial cells; Transcellular transport.

Assessing the protective effects of different surface coatings on NaYF 4:Yb 3+, Er 3+ upconverting nanoparticles in buffer and DMEM

We studied the dissolution behavior of β NaYF4:Yb(20%), Er(2%) UCNP of two different sizes in biologically relevant media i.e., water (neutral pH), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) at different temperatures and particle concentrations. Special emphasis was dedicated to assess the influence of different surface functionalizations, particularly the potential of mesoporous and microporous silica shells of different thicknesses for UCNP stabilization and protection.
Dissolution was quantified electrochemically using a fluoride ion selective electrode (ISE) and by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). In addition, dissolution was monitored fluorometrically. These experiments revealed that a thick microporous silica shell drastically decreased dissolution.
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Our results also underline the critical influence of the chemical composition of the aqueous environment on UCNP dissolution. In DMEM, we observed the formation of a layer of adsorbed molecules on the UCNP surface that protected the UCNP from dissolution and enhanced their fluorescence.Examination of this layer by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mass spectrometry (MS) suggested that mainly phenylalanine, lysine, and glucose are adsorbed from DMEM. These findings should be considered in the future for cellular toxicity studies with UCNP and other nanoparticles and the design of new biocompatible surface coatings.

Hologic Panther Fusion NATtrol

On: By: Brent

The expanding menu of Panther Fusion assays on the Panther Fusion system continues the legacy of testing precision and total lab automation that first began with the fully automated Panther system. Now, the flexibility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) joins the power of transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) on the Panther Fusion system for multiple valuable chemistries on a single platform. These latest releases expand our diagnostic menu and consolidate testing to aid healthcare providers in diagnoses and maximize potential in the laboratory.

Leverage the benefits of the fully automated Panther Fusion system

The Panther Fusion system represents the latest innovation in Hologic diagnostic precision and automation. The Panther Fusion Respiratory assays leverage the benefits of the system as a whole, in addition to the assay-specific benefits.

Features include:

  • The combined flexibility of PCR and TMA
  • True sample-to-result automation
  • The ability to run only necessary assays and reduce expenses from unnecessary testing
  • Total nucleic acid extraction, with multiple tests from a single sample and multiplexing
  • Unit dose lyophilized reagents, which eliminate reagent waste and the need for manual reagent preparation
  • The ability to hold up to 28 cartridges, each with 12 reactions per cartridge for a total of 336 tests
  • Kits that can be reloaded as they are consumed without pausing testing

The Panther Fusion Respiratory assays

The Panther Fusion Respiratory assays for syndromic respiratory testing are the premier set of assays on the Panther Fusion system. You now can provide truly personalized patient testing with qualitative detection and differentiation of the most common respiratory viruses using a single patient sample. Each Panther Fusion Respiratory assay can be processed independently or simultaneously with other Panther Fusion and Aptima assays.

The Panther Fusion Respiratory menu leverages a legacy of expertise in respiratory viral molecular diagnostics from Hologic that began over a decade ago with the Prodesse Plus Series of respiratory assays.

Three respiratory assays comprise the IVD respiratory testing menu on the fully automated Panther Fusion system. Each is a multiplex, real-time  PCR in vitro diagnostic test. They isolate and purify nucleic acids from nasopharyngeal (NP) swab specimens obtained from patients who are symptomatic for respiratory tract infection. All 3 assays can be run from a single patient specimen loaded into the Panther Fusion system.

The Panther Fusion assays provide the flexibility to run patient-specific targets, allowing for personalized patient testing and better cost control in your lab.

  • The Panther Fusion Flu A/B/RSV assay – Qualitative detection and differentiation of influenza A virus, influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus
  • The Panther Fusion AdV/hMPV/RV assay – Qualitative detection and differentiation of adenovirus, human metapneumovirus and rhinovirus
  • The Panther Fusion Paraflu assay – Qualitative detection and differentiation of parainfluenza 1 virus, parainfluenza 2 virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, and parainfluenza 4 virus

Panther Fusion GBS assay

The Panther Fusion GBS assay joins the expanding molecular testing menu on the Panther Fusion system. This assay detects the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) in pregnant women and so providers can prevent its transmission to their babies.4 GBS has serious long-term health consequences, including death, in newborns.

A Sensitive Assay for a Distinct Threat

This assay features world-class performance and sensitivity, answering a crucial need for GBS detection. GBS is a serious and sometimes fatal infection that is passed to infants during birth.5 GBS is a leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis in the United States, and it also can cause pneumonia and meningitis.5 Antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce transmission of GBS to babies when administered properly. The Panther Fusion GBS assay helps providers diagnose GBS in mothers so they can confidently determine if intrapartum prophylaxis is needed.

Intuitive Design for Real-World Need

The CDC states that accurate results are more important than rapid turnaround time for antenatal screening.5 When providers have diagnostic tools with excellent sensitivity and performance, they can deliver the highest level of care. The Panther Fusion GBS assay is a real-time PCR assay for antepartum testing with enriched vaginal and rectal swabs. It features dual-target detection of Cfb and SIP genes and 100% clinical sensitivity.4

True Flexibility and Full Automation

Run-on the Panther Fusion system, this assay offers the benefits of Panther Fusion automation, high-throughput flexibility, and ease of use, allowing for high-volume GBS testing in reference laboratories and hospitals. It may be processed, free from batching on the Panther Fusion system with other Aptima and Panther Fusion assays for women’s health, virology, respiratory, and sexually transmitted infections.

 

TYPES OF IMMUNITY

On: By: Brent

Immunoassays are a combination of biochemical techniques used to identify, and in other cases quantifiable, a certain molecular molecule present in a biological sample. The characteristic foundation which includes the types of immunity is that all of them are based on a specific anti-antigen reaction .

In this case, the 9 types of immunologicals that reveal more frequently in the laboratories of investigation should be reviewed.

TYPES OF IMMUNITY

1.- WESTERN BLOT (WB)

A Western Blot technician, the proteins presented in a determined biological sample are separated in the function of their median electrophoresis, to be transferred to a membrane and tissues with a specific anticancer.

With this technique, in order to detect the protein of interest, it is possible to determine its own, confirming whether there are post-translational modifications or comparing their concentration in different samples, between others.

2.- IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (IP)

Immunoprecipitation is used to determine the protein of the components present in a sample, taking into account the precipitation of anti-antigen compounds.

In addition to the detection and quantification of proteins, their applications are very different, including the determination of the molecular weight of a given antigen, the study of interactions between proteins or the monitoring of post-translational modifications.

3.- RADIOINMUNOENSAYO (RIA)

This immunoassay uses radioactive isotopes to mark the anti-antigen complex. It is important to follow the reading of radiation to detect these complexes and to confirm and / or quantify the presence of protein of interest in the sample.

One of the sales of Radioinmunoensayo is a very sensitive technique , which makes it possible to detect proteins that are found in other concentrations in the sample. Without embargo, it is also due to a practical importer, and it is a potential pilgrim that works with radioactive material.

4.- ELISA (ENZYME ENZYMES)

Of the different types of immunoassays, ELISA is one of the most popular and of the most frequently used research laboratories in their implementation, versatility and other sensitivities and specificities.

It is essential in the use of enzymes that allow the detection of anti-antigen unions (and therefore the presence of a certain antigen in the sample) to catalyze a colorimetric reaction to add the corresponding correspondence.

5.- CLIA (CHEMICAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS)

The CLIA chemimuminescence tests, based on ELISA, differ in the case of this anti-antigen union measure, in addition to the generation of fluorescence generating a chemical reaction.

The CLIA examines the unconventional need for specific equipment to read the fluorescence, but in contrast to the sale of the significantly more sensible ELISAs.

6.- IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE (IF)

In immunofluorescence tests, the detection of the antigen of interest within the Union and of the specific anti-dumping shall be indicated by the use of fluorophores.

7.- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (IHC)

These include a combination of immunological, biochemical and histological techniques for the detection of an antigen present in a section measuring the use of specific anti-dumping measures. Admittedly, it is possible to visualize the distribution and location of this antigen inside the studio.

8.- IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY (ICC)

It is a technique with a foundation similar to the immunological chemistry, so that in this case, the immunocitochemistry allows the detection of an antigen inside a cell.

Thus, the IHC, as the ICC, is subject to less than any sensitivities to an ELISA or a Western blot, which may allow the antigen to be recorded in the context of a cell or one intact, not necessarily the need for an alarm.

9.- CITOMETRÍA DE FLUJO (FC)

Inside the different types of immunizations, it is one of the most complete. The flow cytometry is a method of dispersing and reflecting the light from the laser to analyze and analyze cells in suspension in the functioning of their physical-chemical characteristics.

 

 

TOP antibodies – AMACR (P504S) (clone 13H4) – rabbit monoclonal antibody

On: By: Brent

AMACR (P504S) (clone 13H4) – rabbit monoclonal antibody

Clone 13H4 – a classic that will not get bored         

 

AMACR (P504S) is an essential enzyme in the β-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids. High expression of the AMACR protein (P504S) has been demonstrated in prostate adenocarcinoma. Positivity is lacking in normal tissue, prostate tissue or benign lesions. AMACR (P504S) expression has also been demonstrated in two premalignant prostate lesions: high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. The use of AMACR (P504S) as a positive marker along with basal cell staining (CK HMW or P63) as a negative marker may help to confirm the diagnosis of small-scale prostate cancer in a needle biopsy.

Positive control: kidney

Cellular localization: cytoplasmic

 

Human prostate cancer stained with anti-AMACR antibody using formalin-fixed peroxidase conjugate and DAB chromogen embedded in paraffin. Note the cytoplasmic and luminal peripheral staining of cancerous glands.

 

 

Efficacy Comparison of Different Acupuncture Treatments for Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis.

On: By: Brent

Acupuncture has been discovered to be an efficient remedy for practical dyspepsia (FD). Currently, a number of sorts of acupuncture have been developed however it’s not clear which kind is appropriate for FD. Currently, medical doctors typically depend on expertise to resolve which type of acupuncture to use.

Herein, we employed community meta-analysis (NMA) to match the effectiveness of varied strategies of acupuncture within the remedy of practical dyspepsia.We searched for randomized managed trials (RCTs) of acupuncture remedies for practical dyspepsia in seven databases; PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, Chinese Science and Technique Journals (CQVIP), and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) from the date of database inception to October 10, 2019.

Cochrane danger of bias device was used to investigate the danger of bias of the included RCTs. Pairwise meta-analyses have been carried out with RevMan 5.three and the community meta-analysis of the included RCTs was carried out utilizing the frequentist framework.A complete of 35 research involving 3301 sufferers and 10 interventions have been eligible for this examine.

NMA outcomes confirmed that 5 sorts of acupuncture (guide acupuncture, acupoint software, moxibustion, acupoint catgut embedding, and heat acupuncture alone) all have been superior to prokinetics (itopride, mosapride, and domperidone) and sham acupuncture in phrases of enhancing the signs of practical dyspepsia.

Specifically, guide acupuncture and electroacupuncture have been simpler in enhancing the MOS 36 Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) in comparison with itopride and sham acupuncture, and electroacupuncture was the most effective among the many three acupuncture therapies (acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and acupoint catgut embedding).

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Moxibustion and guide acupuncture have been simpler in enhancing Nepean Dyspepsia Life Quality Index (NDLQI) in comparison with itopride, domperidone, and sham acupuncture; moxibustion ranks first among the many three acupuncture therapies (acupuncture, electroacupuncture, moxibustion).These outcomes confirmed that guide acupuncture alone was the simplest remedy for FD.

It ought to, subsequently, be thought-about instead remedy for FD sufferers who’re unresponsive to prokinetics or illiberal to the adversarial results of prokinetics. We advocate additional a number of facilities and high-quality RCT research to substantiate the current findings.

Efficacy Comparison of Different Acupuncture Treatments for Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis.
Efficacy Comparison of Different Acupuncture Treatments for Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis.

Light-triggered C60 launch from a graphene/cyclodextrin nanoplatform for the safety of cytotoxicity induced by nitric oxide.

An ultraviolet (UV) light-triggered nanocarbon hybrid is developed for managed C60 launch with glorious nitric oxide (NO) quenching means. This nanocarrier, consisting of decreased graphene oxide (rGO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), is succesful of internet hosting azobenzene functionalized C60 (Azo-C60) synthesized by diazo chemistry. The hybridization of rGO, β-CD and Azo-C60 enhances mobile uptake and limits the aggregation of C60, and exhibits enhanced protecting results on NO-induced cytotoxicity.

More apparently, azo teams can reversibly swap between trans- and cis-isomers upon UV irradiation, so that the Azo-C60 molecules exhibit photo-controlled launch from rGO/β-CD in dwelling cells. In vitro research present that rGO/β-CD/C60 handled with UV irradiation causes greater NO scavenging efficacy, which additional considerably will increase the cell viability from 32.6% to 88.4% at low loading ranges (50 μg mL-1). This represents a superb NO quenching effectivity, higher than different studies of the graphene/C60 nanohybrids, and signifies that this materials might be an efficient nanoplatform to fight oxidative harm.

As the host-guest chemistry and diazo chemistry are versatile and universally relevant, it’s price noting that the current technique can also be utilized in making ready different photo-responsive nanohybrids, which ought to be worthwhile for use in life science and supplies science.

Optimization of 5′ Untranslated Region of Modified mRNA for Use in Cardiac or Hepatic Ischemic Injury.

Optimization of 5' Untranslated Region of Modified mRNA for Use in Cardiac or Hepatic Ischemic Injury.
On: By: Brent

Modified mRNA (modRNA) is a gene-delivery platform for transiently introducing a single gene or a number of genes of curiosity to totally different cell varieties and tissues. modRNA is taken into account to be a secure vector for gene switch, because it negligibly prompts the innate immune system and doesn’t compromise the genome integrity.

The use of modRNA in primary and translational science is rising, because of the scientific potential of modRNA. We are presently utilizing modRNA to induce cardiac regeneration post-ischemic harm. Major obstacles in utilizing modRNA for cardiac ischemic illness embody the necessity for the direct and single administration of modRNA to the guts and the inefficient translation of modRNA attributable to its quick half-life.

Modulation of the 5′ untranslated area (5′ UTR) to boost translation effectivity in ischemic cardiac illness has nice worth, as it could scale back the quantity of modRNA wanted per supply and can obtain greater and longer protein manufacturing post-single supply.

Here, we recognized that 5′ UTR, from the fatty acid metabolism gene carboxylesterase 1D (Ces1d), enhanced the interpretation of firefly luciferase (Luc) modRNA by 2-fold in the guts post-myocardial infarction (MI).

Moreover, we recognized, in the Ces1d, a selected RNA component (component D) that’s accountable for the development of modRNA translation and results in a 2.5-fold translation increment over Luc modRNA carrying synthetic 5′ UTR, post-MI.

Importantly, we have been capable of present that 5′ UTR Ces1d additionally enhances modRNA translation in the liver, however not in the kidney, post-ischemic harm, indicating that Ces1d 5′ UTR and component D could play a wider position in translation of protein below an ischemic situation.

Optimization of 5' Untranslated Region of Modified mRNA for Use in Cardiac or Hepatic Ischemic Injury.
Optimization of 5′ Untranslated Region of Modified mRNA for Use in Cardiac or Hepatic Ischemic Injury.

Intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves practical capability and muscle power in folks receiving haemodialysis: a scientific overview.

Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) utilized throughout haemodialysis periods enhance practical capability in folks with end-stage renal illness? Does NMES used in this fashion additionally enhance muscle power, muscle mass/structure, psychological outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes and biochemical variables? Does it have any hostile results?Systematic overview of randomised managed trials with meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus have been searched from inception to 15 October 2019.Patients receiving haemodialysis for end-stage renal illness.

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NMES administered throughout haemodialysis periods versus management.Functional capability, muscle power, muscle mass, psychological outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes, biochemical variables and hostile occasions.Data have been meta-analysed the place potential and outcomes have been expressed because the pooled imply distinction between teams with a 95% confidence interval.

Eight research (221 sufferers) have been included in the evaluation. Overall, the methodological high quality of the research was honest to good. NMES improved practical capability as assessed by the 6-minute stroll distance take a look at (MD 31 m, 95% CI 13 to 49) and peak workload attained in incremental train (MD 12.5 W, 95% CI 3.2 to 21.9). NMES elevated knee extensor muscle power (MD 3.5 kg, 95% CI 2.Three to 4.7) and handgrip power (MD 2.Four kg, 95% CI 0.Four to 4.4). Muscle mass/structure was not considerably affected.

NMES was estimated to be useful for a number of domains of high quality of life in a number of research, though most of these estimates have been imprecise. No advantages have been discovered for cardiovascular outcomes.

The accessible information didn’t set up any clear results on cardiovascular outcomes or biochemical variables (dialysis effectivity, urea and creatinine). No main NMES-related hostile occasions have been noticed.NMES is secure, sensible and efficient for enhancing practical capability and muscle power in haemodialysis sufferers.

Disability & Diversity studies as a professional basis for diversity-aware education and training in medicine.

Disability & Diversity studies as a professional basis for diversity-aware education and training in medicine.
On: By: Brent
The “Disability and Diversity Studies” (DDS) are research fields which, much like social work, take care of social inclusion and exclusion processes. Dimensions of incapacity and variety can result in disadvantages and inequalities in the person life and social coexistence of individuals. The DDS look at these inequalities and establish intersectional relationships between variety classes.
The idea of intersectionality opens up the view of the restriction of diversities, which might result in the intensification of inequalities and a number of discriminations: e. g., in the case of being a girl and member of an ethnic minority. The start line is subsequently not the distinction class per se, however the intersection of several classes [5]. This information of categorizing classification and exclusion in their intersectionality is key for the dissolution of social, societal, political and financial inequality.
The DDS bachelor’s program on the Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, which mixes Disability and Diversity Studies, focuses on these research areas and develops sensible solutions. In medical education and training, too, it’s essential that lecturers and college students, however also sufferers, recognise the advanced interrelationships of divergences in medical follow and the ensuing stigma that should be eliminated.
The DDS can serve as a basis for taking these interrelationships into consideration, for incorporating inventive approaches to solutions and a diversity-sensitive perspective into the doctor-patient relationship and medical remedy. For instance, the primary and so far solely World Report on Disability from 2011 famous a nonetheless present destructive infiltration of doctor-patient-interactions by means of stigmatization of persons with disabilities and deviations.
Misunderstandings, lack of awareness and improper presettings can endanger the remedy [32]. In order to create the framework circumstances for an acceptable consideration of variety and incapacity in this system, it’s essential to impart six core competencies to potential physicians [20]:
If potential, this could all the time be designed in the respective training courses of all well being care professions in a patient-centred method, throughout all occupational teams and beneath the premise “nothing for us with out us” [1]. This corresponds to the rules of Disability Studies.
Disability & Diversity studies as a professional basis for diversity-aware education and training in medicine.
Disability & Diversity studies as a professional basis for diversity-aware education and training in drugs.